Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CAADC) Practice Exam

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Which statistical measure is most affected by being out of range, whether positively or negatively?

Median
Mode
Congruency
Mean

The correct answer is: Mean

The mean is the statistical measure that is most affected by outliers, or values that fall outside the typical range, whether they are extremely high or low. This is because the mean is calculated by adding all the values together and dividing by the number of values. If there is an outlier, it can skew the results significantly, altering the overall average. For example, if a dataset has values of 10, 12, 11, and 1000, the mean would be dramatically higher than if the outlier were not present, which would not be the case with the median or mode. The median, on the other hand, represents the middle value of a dataset and is less sensitive to outliers. Even if extremely high or low values are present, the median remains stable as it depends on the order of values rather than their actual numerical outcomes. The mode is simply the most frequently occurring value in a dataset and is also unaffected by extreme values because it does not involve calculations that include all data points. Congruency is not a standard statistical measure in this context, further establishing the mean as the most significantly impacted measure by out-of-range values.